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Clinical symptoms
- Painless visible blood in the urine, the classic warning sign
- Microscopic blood found on a routine urine test
- Frequency, urgency or burning that does not improve with antibiotics
Treatment options
- TURBT — endoscopic removal of the tumour; it both diagnoses and treats.
- Intravesical therapy — BCG or chemotherapy placed in the bladder for non-muscle-invasive cancer.
- Radical cystectomy — removal of the bladder with urinary diversion for muscle-invasive disease, open, laparoscopic or robotic.
When to see a urologist
Any visible blood in the urine, even once, needs urgent urological evaluation, usually with cystoscopy and imaging.
This information is for education and does not replace an examination. Please consult a doctor for your own condition.
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