WBMC Reg. No. 69199 +91 87777 94308
Dr. P.P. Sinha Roy logo Dr. Partha Pratim Sinha RoyMBBS, MS, MCh (Urology), DrNB (Urology), FMAS

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits formed from minerals in the urine. The right treatment depends on stone size, location and composition.

Surgeon performing RIRS for a kidney stone, watching the endoscopic view on a monitor in the operating theatre
RIRS in progress: the surgeon works through the natural urinary passage while watching the camera view on the monitor.
Diagram of a kidney, ureter and bladder showing where kidney stones form

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Where stones form along the urinary tract
Diagram of ESWL, RIRS and PCNL treatment routes for kidney stones

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Common treatment routes: ESWL, RIRS (laser) and PCNL

Clinical symptoms

  • Severe flank or back pain (renal colic)
  • Pain spreading to the lower abdomen or groin
  • Blood in the urine (visible or microscopic)
  • Nausea and vomiting with pain
  • Burning or pain while passing urine

Treatment options

  • Medical expulsive therapy — fluids and medicines to help small stones pass on their own.
  • ESWL — shock waves from outside the body to fragment smaller kidney stones.
  • URS / RIRS (laser) — a scope passed through the natural passage, with laser fragmentation and no cuts.
  • PCNL — keyhole removal of large stones through a small tract in the back, including the supine ‘Calcutta position’ technique described by Dr. Sinha Roy.

When to see a urologist

See a urologist for severe flank pain, blood in urine, or pain with fever and chills (possible infection needing urgent care).

This information is for education and does not replace an examination. Please consult a doctor for your own condition.

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